Diagnosing hydrocephalus in adults typically involves a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. Here are some steps that might be taken:

1. Medical History: A doctor will start by asking about the patient’s symptoms, any previous medical conditions, surgeries, or injuries, as well as any family history of hydrocephalus.
2. Physical Examination: A neurological examination is often conducted to assess reflexes, muscle strength, coordination, and sensory functions. Signs of hydrocephalus might include changes in gait, balance issues, or other neurological abnormalities.
3. Imaging Tests:
1. Brain Imaging (MRI or CT Scan): These imaging techniques provide detailed pictures of the brain’s structures and can help identify any enlargement of the ventricles, the presence of blockages, or other abnormalities associated with hydrocephalus.
4. Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis: In some cases, a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) may be performed to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid for any abnormalities, such as increased pressure or specific markers that indicate hydrocephalus.
5. Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: This involves inserting a small device into the skull to monitor the pressure inside the brain. Elevated intracranial pressure can be an indicator of hydrocephalus.
6. Neuropsychological Testing: Since hydrocephalus can affect cognitive functions, memory, and concentration, neuropsychological assessments may be conducted to evaluate these aspects.